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 Definition of LPG:
LPG stands for Liquefied Petroleum Gas and is a mixture of light hydrocarbons which are gaseous at atmospheric temperature and pressure. LPG is contained naturally in crude oil and natural gas production fields and is also produced in the oil refining process. LPG's main components are Propane (C3H8) and Butane (C4H10) which are colorless, odorless, tasteless and non-toxic.
LPG is a popular fuel that is both versatile and environmentally friendly. It can be readily liquefied for storage and transportation by a modest increase in pressure or by a reduction in temperature. It can thus be moved around like a liquid, but burned like a gas. The remarkably low production of NOx, air toxics and particles during combustion make LPG one of the world's most environmentally friendly sources of energy.
Liquefied LPG packs a lot of energy into a small space and its vaporization and therefore, its combustion is efficient. Each kilogram contains around 12,000 kcal of energy.
No. |
Specification |
Unit |
Guaranteed Level |
Test Method |
01 |
Vapour Pressure at 37.8 °C |
Kpa |
1430 |
ASTM D1267 - 95 |
02 |
Sulphur content, max |
Ppm |
140 |
ASTM D2784 - 98 |
03 |
Free water content |
% kl |
Nil |
Visual |
04 |
Copper strip corrosion in 1 hr at 37,8 °C |
- |
No.1 |
ASTM D1838 - 91 |
05 |
Density at 15°C |
Kg/l |
Reported |
ASTM D1657 - 91 |
06 |
Compositions:
- Composition Etan
- Composition Butane and heavier, max
- Composition Pentan and heavier, max
- Unsaturated Hydrocarbon |
% mol
% mol
% mol
% mol |
reported
reported
2.00
reported |
ASTM D2163 - 91
ASTM D2163 - 91
ASTM D2163 - 91
ASTM D2163 - 91 |
07 |
Residue content on evaporation 100ml, max |
ml |
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ASTM D1267 - 95 |
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What are the Properties of LPG?
LPG is:
- Colourless.
- Odourless. (It is normal to odorise LPG by adding an odorant prior to supply to the user, to aid the detection of any leaks).
- Flammable.
- Heavier than air.
- Approximately half the weight of water.
- Non toxic but can cause asphyxiation.
- LPG expands upon release and 1 litre of liquid will form approximately 250 litres of vapour
What are the advantages of LPG?
The advantages of LPG are as follows:
 Because if its relatively fewer components, it is easy to achieve the correct fuel to air mix ratio that allows the complete combustion of the product. This gives LPG its clean burning characteristics. 
Both Propane and Butane are easily liquefied and stored in pressure containers. These properties make the fuel highly portable, and hence, can be easily transported in cylinders or tanks to end-users..
LPG is a good substitute for petrol in spark ignition engines. Its clean burning properties, in a properly tuned engine, give reduced exhaust emissions, extended lubricant and spark plug life.
 As a replacement for aerosol propellants and refrigerants, LPG provides alternatives to fluorocarbons which are known to cause deterioration of the earth's ozone layer.
The clean burning properties and portability of LPG provide a substitute for indigenous fuels such as wood, coal, and other organic matter. This provides a solution to de-forestation and the reduction of particulate matter in the atmosphere (haze), caused by burning the indigenous fuels |
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FREQUENT ISSUES WHILE COOKING - WHY? HOW TO SOLVE? |
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| COMMON PROBLEMS |
POSSIBLE CAUSES |
SOLUTIONS |
| 1. SPARK IGNITION FAILS |
- The cylinder is out of gas
- The cylinder valve is closed
- Too much air is trapped in the tap or the hose
- The battery is dead or the ignition wire is bad
- The burner was incorrectly assembled to the stove
- The gas holes on the burner are plugged up
- The gas hose is bent
- Wrong gas type
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- Replace with a new cylinder
- Open the cylinder valve
- Repeat the ignition process
- Replace the battery or the ignition wire
- Correctly reassemble the burner to the stove
-Clean the holes with a metal wire or brush
- Straighten out the hose or replace the hose
- Replace with the specified gas type
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| 2. THE FLAME STOPS WHILE IN USE |
- The cylinder is out of gas
- The location is poorly ventilated
- Water spills onto the burner
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- Replace with a new cylinder
- Move the stove to a well-ventilated location
- Use dry cloth or towel to wipe the burner
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3. IRREGULAR FLAME (The flame is weak, has a yellowish color, or flares up suddenly and does not burn steadily) |
- The burner was incorrectly assembled to the stove
- The gas holes on the burner are plugged up
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- Correctly reassemble the burner to the stove.
- Clean the holes with a metal wire or brush. |
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EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
LEAK SUSPECTED – LOCATION UNCERTAIN
1. Check the entire system if there is ANY indication of gas leak, such as smell or hiss.
2. Test with soapy water solution, which will bubble at any point where gas escapes. NEVER USE A MATCH OR FLAME TO TEST.
3. Rejoint and test. If the leak has been indoors, fully ventilate the room before further use of the appliance.
4. Do not interfere with any part of a fixed installation.
 LEAK DETECTED - NOT ON FIRE
1. If possible stop the leak by shutting the cylinder valve.
2. Ventilate the area thoroughly until the air is clear.
3. If it is not possible to stop the leak, remove the cylinder carefully to a safe outdoor location. Keep the leak uppermost so that only gas and not liquid escapes.
4. Keep hands and face clear of any stream of escaping liquid.
5. If the cylinder cannot be removed, disperse gas with fine water spray and provide maximum ventilation.
6. Keep possible ignition sources at least 20 metres away until the cylinder is empty. These sources could include non-flameproof electrical appliances, camera flash, telephone, radio, vehicle engines, and any other equipment that can generate a spark.
CYLINDER EXPOSED TO EXCESSIVE HEAT
1. Keep cylinder cool with a water hose, sprayed from maximum possible distance.
2. Remove from heat source if possible and safe to do so.
LEAKING CYLINDER OR APPLIANCE - ON FIRE
1. If valve is undamaged, close if safe to do so and let the fire go out. Do not use again until inspected.
2. If valve cannot be closed, call the Fire Brigade.
Advise:
The location of the cylinder or appliance
That it is LP Gas Cylinder Size
If there is any possibility of cylinder(s) being engulfed by fire, evacuate the adjacent area. |
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